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- Abundance
- the number or density of individuals in a population
- Biodiversity
- the variability among living organisms on the earth, including
the variability within and between species and within and between
ecosystems
- Carrying capacity
- the maximum number of individuals a habitat can support
- Community
- all organisms living and interacting with one another in a
specific region under relatively similar environmental conditions
- Correlation
- the degree to which two entities have similar variation. If the
correlation between two populations is 1, they are perfectly correlated and
both will increase or decrease similarly. Zero correlation means that the two
entities vary independently of one another.
- Demography
- the study of populations, especially their age structure and
growth rates
- Density dependent
- when the value of some variable is affected by the density of
something. Often describes the situation in which population growth rate
decreases as density of a population increases.
- Deterministic model
- A mathematical model that is completely specified and does not
include a stochastic component or random variable.
- Ecological risk analysis
- The use of ecological theory to estimate probabilities for
adverse events consequences of different management strategies.
- Endangered species
- a species whose population size or the rates of population
decline indicate these species will probably become extinct without a reversal
of current trends
- Endemic
- native to a particular region
- Emigration
- the movement of individuals out of an area or population
- Exponential growth
- A constant rate of population growth per individual in the
population. Thus, the more individuals in the population, the faster the
population size grows
- Extinction
- the complete loss of all individuals of a species
- Fecundity
- The number of offspring produced by an individual in a unit of
time. Often expressed as number of female offspring per female parent.
- Growth rate
- The rate per individual at which a population's abundance
increases. For example, if for every 1 individual in a population at time t
there are 2 individuals at time t + 1, then the population growth rate is
2.
- Immigration
- the movement of individuals into an area or population
- Limnologist
- scientist studying fresh-water ecosystems
- Maximum sustainable harvest/yield
- the number of individuals that can be removed from a population
without threatening the survival of the population
- Metapopulation
- a collection of populations of the same species that interact
through exchange of individuals, or dispersal
- Migration
- in a demographic model, the movement of individuals into or out
of an area or population
- Minimum viable population size
- the smallest number of individuals in a population that will
ensure the persistence of the population over a given time period
- Model
- simplified representation of reality
- Mortality
- the proportion of individuals that die per unit time
- Overexploitation
- harvesting a resource at levels that are not sustainable,
putting it at risk of regional or global extinction
- Parameter
- a quantity used as input to a mathematical model, for example
the number of age classes in a population
- Population
- a group of individuals of the same species, living in a given
area at a given time
- Population ceiling
- a type of density-dependent population growth in which the
carrying capacity acts as a ceiling, above which it cannot rise
- Population viability analysis (PVA)
- demographic modeling used to determine whether a population is
likely to persist or become extinct
- Probability
- the likelihood, or chance, that a given event will occur
- Relative abundance
- the number of individuals compared to the total number of
individuals
- Sex ratio
- The proportion of individuals capable of producing offspring
(often, females) in a population. For many species of animals, the sex ratio is
close to 0.5, because the number of males and females is roughly equal.
- Species evenness
- the degree to which each species has equal representation in a
habitat
- Species richness
- the total number of species in an area
- Standard deviation
- A measure of the dispersion among a set of measurements.
Calculated as the square root of the average squared difference between the
mean and observed measurements.
- Stochastic model
- a mathematical model that includes some random, or stochastic,
processes (processes determined by chance)
- Stochasticity
- random variation (determined completely by chance)
- Survival
- the proportion of individuals that survive per time step
- Translocation
- The movement of individuals from one area to another.
Translocation generally removes individuals from a large population or
overpopulated area to a smaller population.
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